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Paradigm Generator
Indicative Present
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | βitem | om βite |
| 2SG: | βitet | ot βite |
| 3SG: | βita | ok/ogeš βite |
| 1PL: | βitena | ona/ogə̑na βite |
| 2PL: | βiteda | oda/ogə̑da βite |
| 3PL: | βitat | ogə̑t βite |
Indicative Simple Past I
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | βitə̑šə̑m | šə̑m βite |
| 2SG: | βitə̑šə̑č́ | šə̑č́ βite |
| 3SG: | βitə̑š | ə̑š βite |
| 1PL: | βitə̑šna | ə̑šna βite |
| 2PL: | βitə̑šda | ə̑šda βite |
| 3PL: | βitə̑št | ə̑št βite |
Indicative Simple Past II
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | βitenam | βiten omə̑l |
| 2SG: | βitenat | βiten otə̑l |
| 3SG: | βiten | βiten ogə̑l |
| 1PL: | βitenna | βiten onal/ogə̑nal |
| 2PL: | βitenda | βiten odal/ogə̑dal |
| 3PL: | βitenə̑t | βiten ogə̑tə̑l |
Indicative Compound Past I
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | βitem ə̑l'e | om βite ə̑l'e |
| 2SG: | βitet ə̑l'e | ot βite ə̑l'e |
| 3SG: | βita ə̑l'e | ok/ogeš βite ə̑l'e |
| 1PL: | βitena ə̑l'e | ona/ogə̑na βite ə̑l'e |
| 2PL: | βiteda ə̑l'e | oda/ogə̑da βite ə̑l'e |
| 3PL: | βitat ə̑l'e | ogə̑t βite ə̑l'e |
Indicative Compound Past II
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | βitem ulmaš | om βite ulmaš |
| 2SG: | βitet ulmaš | ot βite ulmaš |
| 3SG: | βita ulmaš | ok/ogeš βite ulmaš |
| 1PL: | βitena ulmaš | ona/ogə̑na βite ulmaš |
| 2PL: | βiteda ulmaš | oda/ogə̑da βite ulmaš |
| 3PL: | βitat ulmaš | ogə̑t βite ulmaš |
Indicative Compound Past III
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | βitenam ə̑l'e | βiten omə̑l ə̑l'e |
| 2SG: | βitenat ə̑l'e | βiten otə̑l ə̑l'e |
| 3SG: | βiten ə̑l'e | βiten ogə̑l ə̑l'e |
| 1PL: | βitenna ə̑l'e | βiten onal/ogə̑nal ə̑l'e |
| 2PL: | βitenda ə̑l'e | βiten odal/ogə̑dal ə̑l'e |
| 3PL: | βiten ə̑l'e | βiten ogə̑tə̑l ə̑l'e |
Indicative Compound Past IV
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | βitenam ulmaš | βiten omə̑l ulmaš |
| 2SG: | βitenat ulmaš | βiten otə̑l ulmaš |
| 3SG: | βiten ulmaš | βiten ogə̑l ulmaš |
| 1PL: | βitenna ulmaš | βiten onal/ogə̑nal ulmaš |
| 2PL: | βitenda ulmaš | βiten odal/ogə̑dal ulmaš |
| 3PL: | βiten ulmaš | βiten ogə̑tə̑l ulmaš |
Imperative
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | / | / |
| 2SG: | βite | it βite |
| 3SG: | βitə̑že | ə̑nže βite |
| 1PL: | (βitena) | (ona/ogə̑na βite) |
| 2PL: | βitə̑za | ida βite |
| 3PL: | βitə̑št | ə̑nə̑št βite |
Desiderative Present
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | βitə̑nem | ə̑nem βite |
| 2SG: | βitə̑net | ə̑net βite |
| 3SG: | βitə̑neže | ə̑než βite |
| 1PL: | βitə̑nena | ə̑nena βite |
| 2PL: | βitə̑neda | ə̑neda βite |
| 3PL: | βitə̑nešt | ə̑nešt βite |
Desiderative Past I
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | βitə̑nem ə̑l'e | ə̑nem βite ə̑l'e |
| 2SG: | βitə̑nena ə̑l'e | ə̑net βite ə̑l'e |
| 3SG: | βitə̑neže ə̑l'e | ə̑než βite ə̑l'e |
| 1PL: | βitə̑nena ə̑l'e | ə̑nena βite ə̑l'e |
| 2PL: | βitə̑neda ə̑l'e | ə̑neda βite ə̑l'e |
| 3PL: | βitə̑nešt ə̑l'e | ə̑nešt βite ə̑l'e |
Desiderative Past II
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | / | / |
| 2SG: | βitə̑net ulmaš | ə̑net βite ulmaš |
| 3SG: | βitə̑neže ulmaš | ə̑než βite ulmaš |
| 1PL: | / | / |
| 2PL: | βitə̑neda ulmaš | ə̑neda βite ulmaš |
| 3PL: | βitə̑nešt ulmaš | ə̑nešt βite ulmaš |
Non-finite forms
| Infinitive: | βitaš |
| Necessitive infinitive: | βitə̑man |
| Active participle: | βitə̑še |
| Passive participle: | βitə̑me |
| Future-necessitive participle: | βitə̑šaš |
| Negative participle: | βitə̑də̑me |
| Affirmative instructive gerund: | βiten |
| Negative gerund: | βitə̑de |
| Gerund of prior action: | βitə̑mek(e) |
| Gerund of future action: | βitə̑meš(ke) |
| Gerund of simultaneous action: | βitə̑šə̑la |
| Nominalization: | βitə̑maš |
| Negative nominalization: | βitə̑də̑maš |
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| The Mari Web Project is primarily based at the Department of Finno-Ugric Studies at the University of Vienna. The second stage of the project is being funded by the Kone Foundation: The Mari Web Project: Phase 2. Some of our work is carried out at the Institute of Finno-Ugric and Uralic Studies at the Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich. | ||
| Last update: 10 August 2023 | ||